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Score the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Validity Scales

Source: R/validity_pid5.R
validity_pid5.Rd

Calculate validity scale scores on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5: full version (PID-5, 220 items), short form version (PID-5-SF, 100 items), or brief form version (PID-5-BF, 25 items) from item-level data and return alerts when when observations meet criteria for invalidity.

Usage

validity_pid5(
  data,
  items,
  version = c("FULL", "SF", "BF"),
  srange = c(0, 3),
  prefix = "pid_",
  append = TRUE
)

Arguments

data

A data frame containing (at least) all the PID items (numerically scored and in order).

items

A vector of column names (as strings) or numbers (as integers) corresponding to the PID items in order. Items must be supplied in instrument order; a misordered mapping silently scores the wrong items, so a warning is issued when the names share a common prefix and trailing number but those numbers are not ascending. Duplicated entries are an error.

version

A string indicating the version of the PID to score: "FULL", "SF", or "BF". Will be automatically capitalized. (default = "FULL")

srange

An optional numeric vector specifying the minimum and maximum values of the items, used for reverse-coding. (default = c(0, 3))

prefix

An optional string to add before each scale column name. If no prefix is desired, set to an empty string "". (default = "pid_")

append

An optional logical indicating whether the new columns should be added to the end of the data input. (default = TRUE)

Value

A tibble containing all validity scores and all original data columns (if requested)

Details

For the full PID-5, a score of 17 or higher on the INC is indicative of inconsistent responding. A score of 3 or higher on the ORS is indicative of overreporting. A score of 10 or lower on the PRD is indicative of positive impression management (underreporting rather than genuine responding) whereas a score of 21 or higher on the PRD is indicative of genuine responding (rather than positive impression management). A score of 11 or lower on the SD-TD is indicative of social desirability (rather than defensiveness), whereas a score of 19 or higher on the SD-TD is indicative of defensiveness (rather than social desirability). For the PID-5-SF, scores of 8 or more on the INC-S are indicative of inconsistent responding. Cut-scores for the ORS-S, PRD-S, and SD-TD-S have not yet been validated.

The PRD and SD-TD cut scores are raw sums compared to fixed thresholds that assume items are coded 0-3. Unlike the INC and ORS scales, they do not adapt to srange, so scoring items on another scale (e.g. 1-4) mis-flags respondents; a warning is issued when srange is not c(0, 3). The BF version computes only the percent-missing (PNA) index and no cut-score scales.

References

Keeley, J. W., Webb, C., Peterson, D., Roussin, L., & Flanagan, E. H. (2016). Development of a Response Inconsistency Scale for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(4), 351-359. doi:10.1080/00223891.2016.1158719

Sellbom, M., Dhillon, S., & Bagby, R. M. (2018). Development and validation of an overreporting scale for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Psychological Assessment, 30(5), 582-593. doi:10.1037/pas0000507

Bagby, R. M., & Sellbom, M. (2018). The Validity and Clinical Utility of the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 Response Inconsistency Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100(4), 398–405. doi:10.1080/00223891.2017.1420659

Williams, M. M., Rogers, R., Sharf, A. J., & Ross, C. A. (2019). Faking Good: An Investigation of Social Desirability and Defensiveness in an Inpatient Sample With Personality Disorder Traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(3), 253–263. doi:10.1080/00223891.2018.1455691

Lowmaster, S. E., Hartman, M. J., Zimmermann, J., Baldock, Z. C., & Kurtz, J. E. (2020). Further Validation of the Response Inconsistency Scale for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(6), 743–750. doi:10.1080/00223891.2019.1674320

Examples

# Compute the PID-5 validity scales and flag likely-invalid responders.
# (The simulated data are random, so most rows are flagged.)
validity_pid5(sim_pid5, items = 1:220, version = "FULL", append = FALSE)
#> ! A total of 99 observations (99.0%) met criteria for inconsistent responding on the INC (0 missing).
#> ℹ Consider removing them with `dplyr::filter(df, pid_INC < 17)`
#> ! A total of 53 observations (53.0%) met criteria for overreporting on the ORS (0 missing).
#> ℹ Consider removing them with `dplyr::filter(df, pid_ORS < 3)`
#> ! A total of 92 observations (92.0%) met criteria for defensiveness on the SDTD (0 missing).
#> ℹ Consider removing them with `dplyr::filter(df, pid_SDTD < 19)`
#> # A tibble: 100 × 5
#>    pid_PNA pid_INC pid_ORS pid_PRD pid_SDTD
#>      <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
#>  1       0      25       2      40       26
#>  2       0      18       2      34       31
#>  3       0      32       2      34       29
#>  4       0      29       3      34       31
#>  5       0      24       0      36       17
#>  6       0      23       2      35       36
#>  7       0      42       2      31       19
#>  8       0      17       1      28       21
#>  9       0      25       4      41       24
#> 10       0      30       5      31       29
#> # ℹ 90 more rows